1) NEED
TO BREATHE
Regular breathing rate
Correct transport system
Airway clear
Nursing Care:
-
avoid fatigue
-
Exercise
-
Physiotherapy
-
Weight control
-
Liquids control
-
teach coughing
-
healthy lifestyle
2) DRINK
AND EAT PROPERLY
Food
choices according to tastes, economic and nutritional requirement possibility.
Correct
intake
Accompanied
on meals
Identify
spoiled food
Nursing
care:
-
varied
diet
-
self-care
assistance: feeding
-
prescribed
diet
-
environmental
Starring: security
3) NEED
TO REMOVE
Adequate
elimination
Urine: 6-8
voids / day
Stool
schedule and regular rhythm
Adequate
hygienic habits
Appropriate
physical environment
Nursing
care:
-
bowel
training
-
Urinary
bladder training
-
pelvic
floor exercise
-
bowel
incontinence care
-
Starring
at the fecal impaction
-
self-care
assistance: toilet
-
time
patterns
-
avoid
drink irritants
-
fibre
diet
4)
NEED
TO MOVE AND MAINTAIN PROPER POSITIONS
Do exercise
Autonomous
for activities of daily living
Correct
postures
Right
activities according to their age
Nursing
care:
-
improved
body mechanic
-
control
energy
-
promoting
exercise
-
exercise
therapy à Ambulation, balance, mobility,
muscle control
-
Teaching
activity and exercise prescribed
-
Asses
the housing conditions
-
Asses
emotional state and exercise
-
Observe
posture in walking, standing, erect, rhythms in performing movements.
-
Activities
5)
NEED
FOR SLEEP AND REST
Nursing
care:
-
monitor
fluid intake ( no more than twenty hours)
o
Increasing
physical activity
o
Guidance
on the appropriate atmosphere for relaxation (ambient light, cool, no noise…)
o
Recommend
comfortable clothing
o
Report
on sleep characteristics in old age
o
Lead
to drastic changes to the specialist’s usual pattern
6)
NEED
TO DRESS/TO UNDRESS
Right image
in relation to their health, state of the clothes ...
Economically
can get appropriate clothing according to theirs needs
Right
footwear
Natural
materials that allow breathability and insulation
Dressing
and undressing of autonomously
Nursing
care:
-
Body
temperature around 37 degrees
-
relates
appropriately to changes in temperature, maintaining correct vital
-
Pink
skin and mucous
-
mechanisms
to adjust to the temperature; hat, fan…
-
appropriate
clothing in quality and quantity
7)
NEED
TO MAINTAIN THE RIGHT BODY TEMPERATURE
Nursing
care:
-
Body
temperature control
-
application
of heat / cold
-
treatment
of fever or hypothermia
-
perform
physical activity
-
avoid
prolonged sun exposure
-
prevent
drafts
-
liquid
intake control
-
Wear
suitable clothing
-
protect
exposed areas
8)
NEED
TO MAINTAIN THE HYGIENE AND SKIN INTEGRITY
Related to
lack of motivation
Weakness or
fatigue
Cognitive
impairment
Disability manifested
environmental barriers for cleaning utensils
Washing the
body partially or completely
Nursing
care:
-
Mouth:
o
Maintain
and promote oral health
o
Prosthesis
o
Dentist
-
cleanliness:
o
planning
healthy hygiene habits (how important is to create a routine)
o
Use:
warm water, mild soap, mild shampoo, moisturizers
o
Wash
and dry feet. Use pumice
o
Podiatrist
views
o
Cut
nauls right
o
Use
proper care items
o
Use
of technical aids
-
skin:
o
monitoring
of skin
o
skin
care
o
prevention
of pressure ulcers
o
care
of pressure ulcers
o
proper
diet with protein, hydration
o
wound
care
9)
NEED
TO AVOID ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Nursing
care:
-
improving
body mechanics
-
Exercise
therapy: ambulation and rest periods
-
Use
of drug
-
Periodically
assess functional areas (musculosketal, senses, neurological)
-
Guidance
on adapting the home (Kitchen, bathroom).
-
Regular
monitoring of medication, number of doses and number of shots
-
Assessment
of the senses changes
-
Review
feet, good use of footwear
-
Information
on assistive devices: canes, hearing aids, glasses
10)
NEED
FOR SECURITY
Nursing
care:
-
Fall
-
Make
sure you have good lighting n your home.
-
Rugs
should be firmly attached to the ground, do not let the free ends
-
Avoid
high steps and narrow
-
Extreme
security measures in the bathroom
-
Use
handrails on stairs
-
Wear
slip-resistant shoes, floor bath
-
Avoid
stepping slippery and wet
-
Use
accessories to walk if necessary as canes, walkers, crutches…
-
Traffic
accident
o
Always
use crosswalks
o
Be
sure before crossing the street
o
Ask
for help if you’re unsure
o
Always
walk on sidewalks
o
No
increase or decrease the speed of the conveyance
-
Burns:
-
Smoking
is a risk of burns and fire.
-
Avoid
using braziers
-
Use
radiators and electric ranges with no resistance
-
Use
a microwave to heat your food
-
Do
not use electric blankets
-
Poison:
-
Avoid
using gas heaters, electric heater is better
-
Don’t
use charcoal braziers
-
Drugstore
products such as bleach, pain thinner…
-
Don’t
store cleaning products in containers of water, soda or juice
11)
NEED
TO COMMUNICATE, EXPRESS THEIR SEXUALITY AND EMOTIONS
Active
listening
Development
of communication: auditory deficits, speech, visual acuity
Deficits of
social contacts and self-esteem enhancing socialization, social skills training
Changes in
social behaviour: sexual behaviour management, professional advice
Encourage your
child to visit sites adequately resourced social where they can interact with
other people
Stress the
importance of keeping abreast of the events that happen around them
Nursing
care:
-
decreased
desire
o
Using
stimulants elements
o
Body
care attractive avoiding abandonment situation
o
Hormone
therapy with medical advice
o
Treatment
of depression
o
Stopping
alcohol or drugs
o
Search
psychological counselling
-
dryness
vaginal elasticity and loss
o
use
lubricants
o
frequent
sexual activity
o
Kegel
Pelvic Exercises
-
weak
erection:
o
use
a position that makes it easier to insert the penis
o
accept
as a limitation of age
-
rapid
loss of erection and long recovery period:
o
seek
alternative satisfactory sexuality without penetration
o
have
less frequent intercourse
o
emphasis
on quality, not quantity
12)
NEED
TO LIVE BY VALUES AND BELIEVES
Nursing
care:
-
Knowing
habits regarding the expression of their believes and determine their actions
according to their values
-
Instruct
the elderly to be able to express their believes and values
-
Plan
together programs that give us the opportunity to express their religious or ideological
believes
-
Report
of the importance of achieving a spiritual balance by expressing their
believes, religious attendance, readings, and peace of mind
-
Running-related
recreational activities the way they perceive their spirituality
-
Externalize
their emotions, feelings and opinions in a receptive medium
13)
NEED
FOR OCCUPATION:
Nursing care:
-
working
family-centered nursing, resources and self-system support
-
stimulation
of the support system
-
search
recreation
-
group
therapy best individual and outside the home
-
stimulation
of family integrity
-
family
support
-
family
therapy
-
report
on existing community resources and access
14)
NEED
TO ENGAGE IN PLAY AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO TAKE PLACE
Nursing
care:
-
With
its surroundings: promotion of leisure, read the newspaper or book, participate
in the activities, enrol in a group associations, having a pet helps not
feeling lonely or isolated.
-
With
other person:
1. Family: continue linked to their
children, grandchildren cultivate relationships… With the couple expressing
affection, keep sex life, enjoying the sensations pleasant and enjoyable.
2. Friends: hold meetings with friendly
neighbours to share ride… Step outside and meet other people. Keep connection
or institions, health and social services that can provide help.
3. Hobbies: collect stamps, coins,
leaves.
4. Group games
5. Attendance elder classrooms
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15)
NEED
TO LEARN
Nursing
care:
-
Health
education
-
Enhancing
the availability of learning
-
Education:
disease process, prescribed medication as a result of their health process.
-
Rating
regularly each cognitive functions such as memory, intelligence
-
Advise
on simple techniques that keep intellectually active
-
Seek
stimulating environment
-
To
promote the maintenance of good physical.
Personal reflection:
Follow the
requirements according to V. Henderson. With this, get observe, detect,
prevent, and assist the patient in each of the requirements. Make judgments
objective and subjective. Depending on the outcome, we can start some activity
or other.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Spanish Society of
Geriatrics and Gerontology
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